Ososayensi bavame ukweluleka ngokumelene nokuhlolwa amasosha omzimba ngemva kokugoma.Kodwa kwabanye abantu, lokhu kunengqondo.
Manje njengoba amashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika begonyelwe i-coronavirus, abantu abaningi bafuna ukwazi: Ingabe nginawo amasosha omzimba anele ukungigcina ngiphephile?
Kubantu abaningi, impendulo inguyebo.Lokhu akumisanga ukuthutheleka kwamadokhumenti endawo okuhlolwa kwe-antibody.Kodwa ukuze uthole impendulo ethembekile ekuhlolweni, umuntu ogonyiwe kufanele ahlole uhlobo oluthile ngesikhathi esifanele.
Hlola ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma thembela ekuhlolweni okubheka i-antibody engalungile—okulula kakhulu uma ucabangela uchungechunge oludidayo lokuhlola olutholakala namuhla—ungacabanga ukuthi usesengozini uma ungenayo.
Eqinisweni, ososayensi bakhetha ukuthi abantu abajwayelekile abagonyiwe ngeke bahlolelwe amasosha omzimba, ngoba lokhu akudingekile.Ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, umuthi wokugoma onelayisensi yase-US ubangele ukusabela okuqinile kwamasosha omzimba cishe kubo bonke ababambiqhaza.
“Abantu abaningi akufanele ngisho bakhathazeke ngalokhu,” kusho u-Akiko Iwasaki, udokotela wamasosha omzimba eYunivesithi yaseYale.
Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kubalulekile kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma labo abaphuza imithi ethile - lesi sigaba esibanzi sihlanganisa izigidi ezithola iminikelo yezitho zomzimba, ezihlushwa umdlavuza wegazi othile, noma ukuphuza ama-steroids noma amanye amasosha omzimba acindezelayo.Abantu abanezidakamizwa.Kunobufakazi obandayo bokuthi ingxenye enkulu yalaba bantu ngeke ibe nempendulo eyanele ye-antibody ngemva kokugoma.
Uma kufanele uhlolwe, noma ufuna nje ukuhlolwa, khona-ke ukuhlolwa okufanele kubalulekile, uDkt. Iwasaki wathi: “Ngimanqikanqika ukuncoma wonke umuntu ukuba ahlolwe, ngoba ngaphandle uma beyiqonda ngempela indima yokuhlola. , abantu Kungase kukholelwe ngephutha ukuthi awekho amasosha omzimba akhiqizwayo.”
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zalolu bhubhane, izivivinyo eziningi zezentengiso zazihloselwe ukuthola amasosha omzimba aphikisana nephrotheni ye-coronavirus ebizwa ngokuthi i-nucleocapsid noma i-N, ngoba la masosha omzimba maningi egazini ngemuva kokutheleleka.
Kodwa la masosha omzimba awanamandla njengalawo adingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, futhi ubude bawo abubude kangako.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, amasosha omzimba amelene ne-N protein awakhiqizwa yimithi yokugoma egunyazwe yi-United States;esikhundleni salokho, le mithi yokugoma ivusa amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nenye iphrotheni (ebizwa ngokuthi ama-spikes) etholakala ebusweni begciwane.
Uma abantu abangakaze batheleleke ngomgomo begonywa bese behlolelwa amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nephrotheni ye-N esikhundleni sama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-spikes, angase abe roughed.
UDavid Lat, umbhali wezomthetho oneminyaka engama-46 ubudala eManhattan owalaliswa esibhedlela i-Covid-19 amasonto amathathu ngoMashi 2020, uqophe ukugula kwakhe nokululama kwakhe ku-Twitter.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uMnu. Rattle wahlolelwa amasosha omzimba izikhathi eziningi—ngokwesibonelo, lapho eya kudokotela wamaphaphu noma udokotela wenhliziyo ukuze alandelelwe, noma anikele nge-plasma.Izinga lakhe le-antibody laliphezulu ngoJuni 2020, kodwa lehla kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezilandelayo.
URattle usanda kukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kuncipha “akungikhathazi.”“Ngiye ngatshelwa ukuthi zizonyamalala ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngiyajabula ngokuthi ngisalondoloza isimo sengqondo esihle.”
Kusukela ngoMashi 22 kulo nyaka, uMnu. Lat usegonywe ngokugcwele.Kepha ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody okwenziwa udokotela wakhe wenhliziyo ngo-Ephreli 21 kwakungenalo neze ithemba.UMnu. Rattle wamangala: “Ngangicabanga ukuthi ngemva kwenyanga yokugoma, amasosha ami amasosha omzimba azoqhuma.”
UMnu. Rattle uphendukele kuTwitter ukuze athole incazelo.UFlorian Krammer, udokotela wezifo zamasosha omzimba e-Icahn School of Medicine eMount Sinai eNew York, uphendule ngokubuza ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlola uMnu.“Yilapho ngabona khona imininingwane yokuhlolwa,” kusho uMnu. Rattle.Wabona ukuthi lokhu kwakuwukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba angama-N amaprotheni, hhayi amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nama-spikes.
"Kubonakala sengathi ngokuzenzakalelayo, bakunikeza i-nucleocapsid kuphela," kusho uMnu. Rattle."Angikaze ngicabange ukucela enye."
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, i-US Food and Drug Administration yeluleka ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ze-antibody ukuhlola ukungatheleleki - isinqumo esaheha ukugxekwa kwabanye ososayensi - futhi sanikeza imininingwane eyisisekelo kuphela mayelana nokuhlolwa kubahlinzeki bezempilo.Odokotela abaningi abakawazi umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-antibody, noma iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuhlola kukala uhlobo olulodwa lokugonywa kwegciwane.
Ukuhlola okusheshayo okuvamise ukutholakala kuzohlinzeka ngemiphumela ethi yebo-cha futhi kungase kuphuthelwe amazinga aphansi amasosha omzimba.Uhlobo oluthile lokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, olubizwa ngokuthi isivivinyo sika-Elisa, lungenza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sobuningi bamasosha omzimba e-spike protein.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ulinde okungenani amasonto amabili ukuze uhlolwe ngemva komjovo wesibili womgomo we-Pfizer-BioNTech noma weModerna, lapho amazinga amasosha omzimba ezokhuphuka afike ezingeni elanele ukutholwa.Kwabanye abantu abathola umgomo ka-Johnson & Johnson, lesi sikhathi singase sibe amasonto amane.
"Lesi isikhathi, i-antigen kanye nokuzwela kokuhlolwa-konke kubaluleke kakhulu," kusho uDkt. Iwasaki.
NgoNovemba, i-World Health Organization yasungula amazinga okuhlola amasosha omzimba ukuze avumele ukuqhathaniswa kokuhlolwa okuhlukile."Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezinhle manje," kusho uDkt. Kramer."Kancane kancane, bonke laba bakhiqizi, zonke lezi zindawo ezisebenza kuzo zijwayela amayunithi aphesheya."
UDkt. Dorry Segev, udokotela ohlinzayo kanye nomcwaningi waseJohns Hopkins University, waveza ukuthi amasosha omzimba ayingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokugonywa komzimba: “Izinto eziningi zenzeka ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-antibody okungenakulinganiswa ngokuqondile.”Umzimba usagcina lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukungatheleleki kwamaselula, okuyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yabavikeli izophinde iphendule kubangeneleli.
Uthe nokho kubantu abasuke begonyiwe kodwa amasosha omzimba antekenteke, kungase kusize ukwazi ukuthi ukuzivikela kuleli gciwane akuyona into okumele ibe yikho.Isibonelo, isiguli sokufakelwa esinamazinga aphansi e-antibody singase sikwazi ukusebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze siqinisekise umqashi ukuthi kufanele aqhubeke nokusebenza ukude.
UMnu. Rattle akazange afune olunye uvivinyo.Naphezu kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakhe, ukwazi nje ukuthi umgomo ungase ukhulise amasosha akhe omzimba futhi kwanele ukumqinisekisa: “Ngikholwa ukuthi umgomo uyasebenza.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2021