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Abasebenzi bezempilo benze ukuhlola okukhulu besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo esikoleni eFrance.Ikhredithi yesithombe: Thomas Samson/AFP/Getty
Njengoba isibalo samacala e-coronavirus e-UK sanda ekuqaleni kuka-2021, uhulumeni wamemezela ushintsho lomdlalo olungase lube khona ekulweni ne-COVID-19: izigidi zokuhlolwa kwegciwane okushibhile, okusheshayo.NgoJanuwari 10, yathi izokhuthaza lezi zivivinyo ezweni lonke, nakubantu abangenazo izimpawu.Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lukaMongameli uJoe Biden lokuqukatha ubhubhane oludlangile e-United States.
Lezi zivivinyo ezisheshayo ngokuvamile zixuba i-swab yamakhala noma yomphimbo noketshezi emgqeni wephepha ukuze kubuyiselwe imiphumela phakathi nengxenye yehora.Lokhu kuhlola kuthathwa njengokuhlola okuthathelwanayo, hhayi ukuhlola okuthelelanayo.Bangathola kuphela inani eliphezulu legciwane, ngakho-ke bazophuthelwa abantu abaningi abanamazinga aphansi egciwane le-SARS-CoV-2.Kodwa ithemba liwukuthi bazosiza ekunqandeni ubhubhane ngokuhlonza ngokushesha abantu abatheleleka kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho bangasakaza leli gciwane bengazi.
Nokho, njengoba uhulumeni ememezela lolu hlelo, kwaqubuka impikiswano ethukuthele.Abanye ososayensi bajabule ngesu lokuhlola laseBrithani.Abanye bathi lokhu kuhlolwa kuzophuthelwa izifo eziningi kakhulu okuthi uma zisakazekela ezigidini, umonakalo ezingase ziwubangele udlule umonakalo.UJon Deeks, ogxile ekuhloleni nasekuhloleni eNyuvesi yaseBirmingham e-United Kingdom, ukholelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bangase bakhululeke emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa engemihle futhi bashintshe ukuziphatha kwabo.Futhi, uthe, uma abantu bephatha izivivinyo ngokwabo, esikhundleni sokuthembela kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe, lezi zivivinyo zizophuthelwa izifo eziningi.Yena nozakwabo waseBirmingham uJac Dinnes (Jac Dinnes) bangososayensi, futhi bathemba ukuthi badinga idatha eyengeziwe ekuhlolweni okusheshayo kwe-coronavirus ngaphambi kokuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi.
Kodwa abanye abacwaningi basheshe baziphendulela, bethi ukuhlola kungabangela ukulimala akulungile futhi “akunasibopho” (bona go.nature.com/3bcyzfm).Phakathi kwabo kukhona uMichael Mina, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health eBoston, Massachusetts, othe le ngxabano ibambezela isixazululo esidingeka kakhulu kulo bhubhane.Uthe: “Sisasho ukuthi asinayo imininingwane eyanele, kodwa siphakathi kwempi mayelana nenani lamacala, ngeke sibe sibi kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi.”
Okuwukuphela kwento ososayensi abavumelana nayo ukuthi kumele kube nokuxhumana okucacile mayelana nokuthi isivivinyo esisheshayo siyini nokuthi imiphumela engemihle isho ukuthini.UMina uthe, “Ukujikijela amathuluzi kubantu abangakwazi ukuwasebenzisa kahle kuwumbono omubi.”
Kunzima ukuthola ulwazi oluthembekile lokuhlola okusheshayo, ngoba-okungenani eYurophu-imikhiqizo ingathengiswa kuphela ngokusekelwe kudatha yomkhiqizi ngaphandle kokuhlola okuzimele.Ayikho iphrothokholi ejwayelekile yokulinganisa ukusebenza, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqhathanisa izivivinyo nokuphoqa izwe ngalinye ukuthi liqhube ukuqinisekiswa kwalo.
"Lena yizwe lasentshonalanga ekuxilongweni," kusho uCatharina Boehme, oyi-CEO ye-Innovative New Diagnostics Foundation (FIND), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo e-Geneva, eSwitzerland ephinde yahlola futhi yaqhathanisa inqwaba yezindlela zokuhlaziya i-COVID -19.
NgoFebhuwari 2020, i-FINDA yaqala umsebenzi wokuzibekela isifuba wokuhlola amakhulu ezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile.Isisekelo sisebenzisana ne-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo zomhlaba wonke ukuhlola amakhulukhulu amasampula e-coronavirus futhi kuqhathaniswe ukusebenza kwawo nalawo atholwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuzwela kakhulu be-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Ubuchwepheshe bubheka ukulandelana kofuzo kwegciwane elithile kumasampula athathwe ekhaleni noma emphinjeni womuntu (kwesinye isikhathi amathe).Ukuhlola okusekelwe ku-PCR kungaphindaphinda okuningi kwalokhu kukhiqizwa kofuzo ngemijikelezo eminingi yokukhulisa, ukuze zithole inani lokuqala le-parvovirus.Kodwa zingadla isikhathi futhi zidinga izisebenzi eziqeqeshwe kahle kanye nempahla yaselabhorethri ebizayo (bona “Indlela Ukuhlola I-COVID-19 Okusebenza ngayo”).
Ukuhlola okushibhile, okusheshayo kungasebenza ngokuthola amaprotheni athile (ehlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-antigen) ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-SARS-CoV-2.Lokhu “kuhlola okusheshayo kwe-antigen” akukukhulisi okuqukethwe kwesampula, ngakho-ke igciwane lingatholwa kuphela lapho igciwane lifinyelela emazingeni aphezulu emzimbeni womuntu—kungase kube nezinkulungwane zamakhophi aleli gciwane ngemililitha ngayinye yesampula.Lapho abantu betheleleka kakhulu, igciwane ngokuvamile lifinyelela kulawa mazinga ngesikhathi kuqala kwezimpawu (bona okuthi “Catch COVID-19″).
UDinnes uthe idatha yomkhiqizi mayelana nokuzwela kokuhlolwa ivela ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri kubantu abanezimpawu ezinomthamo wegciwane egazini.Kulezo zivivinyo, izivivinyo eziningi ezisheshayo zazibonakala zibucayi kakhulu.(Futhi zicace kakhulu: cishe ngeke zinikeze imiphumela enamanga.) Nokho, imiphumela yokuhlola yomhlaba wangempela ibonisa ukuthi abantu abanenani legciwane eliphansi babonisa ukusebenza okuhluke kakhulu.
Izinga legciwane kusampula livamise ukubalwa ngokubhekisela enanini lemijikelezo yokukhulisa i-PCR edingekayo ukuze kutholwe igciwane.Ngokuvamile, uma cishe imijikelezo yokukhulisa i-PCR engama-25 noma ngaphansi idingeka (ebizwa ngokuthi i-cycle threshold, noma i-Ct, elingana noma engaphansi kwama-25), izinga legciwane eliphilayo libhekwa liphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi abantu bangase batheleleke-yize bengakatholakali. kuyacaca ukuthi abantu banalo noma abanalo izinga elibucayi lokutheleleka.
NgoNovemba nyakenye, uhulumeni waseBrithani ukhiphe imiphumela yezifundo zokuqala ezenziwa ePorton Down Science Park nase-Oxford University.Yonke imiphumela engakabuyekezwa kontanga yanyatheliswa ku-inthanethi ngoJanuwari 15. Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi nakuba uvivinyo oluningi olusheshayo lwe-antigen (noma “i-lateral flow”) “lungafinyeleli ezingeni elidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu abaningi,” ngo. izivivinyo zaselabhorethri, izinhlobo ezi-4 ngazinye zazinamanani e-Ct noma aphansi angama-25. Ukuhlola kabusha kwe-FINDA kwamakhithi amaningi okuhlola okusheshayo ngokuvamile nakho kubonisa ukuthi ukuzwela kulawa mazinga egciwane kungu-90% noma ngaphezulu.
Njengoba izinga legciwane lehla (okungukuthi, inani le-Ct liyakhuphuka), ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kuqala ukulahlekelwa ukutheleleka.Ososayensi basePorton Down banaka ngokukhethekile ukuhlolwa kwe-Innova Medical ePasadena, eCalifornia;uhulumeni waseBrithani usebenzise amapondo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-800 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.1) uku-oda lezi zivivinyo, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesu lakhe lokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus.Ezingeni le-Ct lika-25-28, ukuzwela kokuhlolwa kuncishisiwe ku-88%, futhi ezingeni le-Ct lika-28-31, ukuhlolwa kuncishiswa ku-76% (bheka "Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kuthola I-Viral Load").
Ngokuphambene, ngoDisemba, i-Abbott Park, Illinois, i-Abbott Laboratories yahlola ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-BinaxNOW ngemiphumela engemihle.Ucwaningo luhlole abantu abangaphezu kuka-3,300 eSan Francisco, eCalifornia, futhi lwathola ukuzwela okungu-100% kumasampula anamazinga e-Ct angaphansi kwama-30 (ngisho noma umuntu onegciwane engabonisanga zimpawu)2.
Nokho, amasistimu e-PCR alinganisiwe ahlukene asho ukuthi amazinga e-Ct awanakuqhathaniswa kalula phakathi kwamalabhorethri, futhi akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi amazinga egciwane kumasampula ayafana.U-Innova uthe izifundo zase-UK nezaseMelika zisebenzisa amasistimu e-PCR ahlukene, nokuthi ukuqhathanisa okuqondile kuphela ohlelweni olufanayo kuzosebenza.Bakhomba umbiko kahulumeni waseBrithani owabhalwa ososayensi basePorton Down ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba owahlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-Innova nokuhlolwa kwe-Abbott Panbio (okufana nekhithi ye-BinaxNOW ethengiswa ngu-Abbott e-United States).Kumasampuli angaphezudlwana kuka-20 anezinga le-Ct elingaphansi kwama-27, womabili amasampula abuyisele imiphumela engu-93% emihle (bona go.nature.com/3at82vm).
Lapho kucutshungulwa ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Innova ezinkulungwaneni zabantu e-Liverpool, e-England, ama-nuances mayelana nokulinganisa kwe-Ct kwakubalulekile, okwahlonza kuphela izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamacala anamazinga e-Ct angaphansi kwama-25 (bona go.nature.com) /3tajhkw).Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zigeje ingxenye yesithathu yamacala okungenzeka athathelanayo.Kodwa-ke, manje kunenkolelo yokuthi elabhorethri ecubungula amasampula, inani le-Ct elingu-25 lilingana nezinga legciwane eliphansi kakhulu kwamanye amalabhorethri (mhlawumbe elilingana ne-Ct engu-30 noma ngaphezulu), kusho u-Iain Buchan, umcwaningi Wezempilo. kanye ne-Informatics e-American University.I-Liverpool, eyengamele leli cala.
Nokho, imininingwane ayaziwa kahle.UDix uthe ucwaningo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseBirmingham ngoDisemba lwaluyisibonelo sokuthi ukuhlolwa okushesha kwaphuthelwa kanjani ukutheleleka.Abafundi abangaphezu kuka-7,000 abangabonakali lapho benza isivivinyo se-Innova;2 kuphela abahlolwe ukuthi bane-positive.Kodwa-ke, lapho abacwaningi basenyuvesi besebenzisa i-PCR ukuhlola kabusha u-10% wamasampuli angemahle, bathola abanye abafundi abayisithupha abangenwe yileli gciwane.Ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sawo wonke amasampula, ukuhlolwa kungenzeka kugeje abafundi abangenwe yileli gciwane abangama-603.
UMina uthe laba bafundi banamazinga aphansi egciwane, ngakho abatheleleki nganoma iyiphi indlela.U-Dix ukholelwa ukuthi nakuba abantu abanamazinga aphansi egciwane bengase bafinyelele esigabeni sokugcina sokwehla kokutheleleka, kungenzeka ukuthi batheleleka kakhulu.Esinye isici ukuthi abanye abafundi abenzi kahle ekuqoqeni amasampula e-swab, ngakho-ke azikho izinhlayiya zegciwane eziningi ezingaphumelela ekuhlolweni.Ukhathazekile ngokuthi abantu bazokholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa okungalungile kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo-eqinisweni, isivivinyo esisheshayo siyisifinyezo esingahle singatheleleki ngaleso sikhathi.UDeeks uthe isimangalo sokuthi ukuhlola kungenza indawo yokusebenza iphephe ngokuphelele akuyona indlela efanele yokwazisa umphakathi ngokusebenza kwayo.Uthe: “Uma abantu benokuqonda okungalungile kwezokuphepha, empeleni bangalisakaza leli gciwane.”
Kepha uMina nabanye bathi abashayeli bezindiza beLiverpool beluleke abantu ukuthi bangakwenzi lokho futhi batshelwa ukuthi basengasakaza leli gciwane ngokuzayo.UMina ukugcizelele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kokuhlola (okufana kabili ngesonto) kuwukhiye wokwenza ukuhlolwa kuphumelele ukuqukatha ubhubhane.
Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa akuncikile kuphela ekunembeni kokuhlolwa, kodwa nasethubeni lokuthi umuntu usenayo kakade i-COVID-19.Kuya ngezinga lokutheleleka endaweni yabo nokuthi bayakhombisa yini izimpawu.Uma umuntu ovela endaweni enezinga eliphezulu le-COVID-19 enezimpawu ezivamile zesifo futhi ethola umphumela ongemuhle, kungase kube okungelona iqiniso futhi kudingeka ahlolwe ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa i-PCR.
Abacwaningi baphinde baphikisana ngokuthi abantu kufanele bazihlole (ekhaya, esikoleni noma emsebenzini).Ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kungase kuhluke, kuye ngokuthi umhloli uyiqoqa kanjani i-swab futhi acubungule isampula.Isibonelo, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Innova, ososayensi baselabhorethri sebefinyelele ukuzwela cishe okungama-79% kuwo wonke amasampuli (okuhlanganisa namasampula anenani legciwane egazini eliphansi kakhulu), kodwa umphakathi ozifundise wona uthola ukuzwela okungama-58% (bona “Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo: Ingabe ilungele ikhaya?”) -U-Deeks ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu ukwehla okukhathazayo1.
Noma kunjalo, ngoDisemba, isikhungo saseBrithani esilawula izidakamizwa sagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola i-Innova ekhaya ukuthola izifo kubantu abangenazimpawu.Umkhulumeli we-DHSC ukuqinisekisile ukuthi izimpawu zokuthengisa zalezi zivivinyo zivela kuNational Health Service yezwe, ezakhiwe uMnyango Wezempilo Nokunakekelwa Komphakathi (DHSC), kodwa zathengwa kwa-Innova futhi zakhiqizwa yi-Xiamen Biotechnology Co., Ltd yaseChina. “Ukugeleza okuvundlile. ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswa uhulumeni waseBrithani kuye kwahlolwa kanzima ngososayensi abaphambili baseBrithani.Lokhu kusho ukuthi zinembile, zithembekile, futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlonza ngempumelelo iziguli ezingenazimpawu ze-COVID-19.”Umkhulumeli uthe esitatimendeni.
Ucwaningo lwaseJalimane4 luveze ukuthi izivivinyo zokuzilawula ngokwakho zingasebenza kahle njengalezo ezenziwa ngochwepheshe.Lolu cwaningo aluzange lubuyekezwe ontanga.Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi lapho abantu besula amakhala futhi beqedela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okungaziwa okugunyazwe yi-WHO, ngisho noma abantu bevame ukuphambuka emiyalweni yokusebenzisa, ukuzwela kusafana kakhulu nalokho okutholwa ochwepheshe .
E-United States, iFood and Drug Administration (FDA) igunyaze izimvume zokusetshenziswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zokuhlolwa kwe-antigen eyi-13, kodwa eyodwa kuphela yokuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwe-Ellume COVID-19-engasetshenziselwa abantu abangenazimpawu.Ngokusho kuka-Ellume, inkampani ezinze eBrisbane, e-Australia, ukuhlolwa kuthole i-coronavirus kubantu abayi-11 be-asymptomatic, kanti abayi-10 kulaba bantu bathole ukuthi banalo yini i-PCR.NgoFebhuwari, uhulumeni waseMelika umemezele ukuthi uzothenga izivivinyo eziyizigidi eziyi-8.5.
Amanye amazwe/izifunda ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlolwa kwe-PCR, njenge-India, sekuphele izinyanga eziningi zisebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen, ukuze nje zengeze amandla azo okuhlola.Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokunemba, ezinye izinkampani ezenza ukuhlola kwe-PCR seziqale ukwethula ezinye izindlela ezisheshayo ngezinga elilinganiselwe.Kepha uhulumeni osebenzise izivivinyo ezinkulu ngokushesha ukubize yimpumelelo.Njengoba inabantu abayizigidi ezingu-5,5, iSlovakia yaba izwe lokuqala ukuzama ukuhlola bonke abantu bayo abadala.Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwehlise izinga lokutheleleka cishe ngo-60%5.Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemikhawulo eqinile engasetshenziswanga kwamanye amazwe kanye nokwesekwa kukahulumeni kwezezimali kubantu abathola ukuthi bane-HIV ukuze babasize bahlale ekhaya.Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bathi nakuba inhlanganisela yokuhlola nokuvinjelwa ibonakala inciphisa amazinga okutheleleka ngokushesha kunomkhawulo wodwa, akucaci ukuthi le ndlela ingasebenza yini kwenye indawo.Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abaningi bangase bangafuni ukuhlola ngokushesha, futhi labo abatholakala benegciwane bangase bantule ugqozi lokuzihlukanisa.Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi izivivinyo ezisheshayo zezentengiselwano zishibhile kakhulu-kuphela ama- $ 5-Mina ithi amadolobha nezifunda zingathenga izigidi ngengxenyana yokulahlekelwa kukahulumeni okubangelwe yilolu bhubhane.
Umsebenzi wezempilo wahlola umgibeli ngokushesha nge-swab yamakhala esiteshini sesitimela eMumbai, eNdiya.Ikhredithi yesithombe: Punit Parajpe / AFP / Getty
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kungase kulungele ikakhulukazi izimo zokuhlola i-asymptomatic okuhlanganisa amajele, izindawo zokukhosela ezingenamakhaya, izikole namanyuvesi, lapho abantu bengabuthana khona noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungabamba ezinye izimo ezengeziwe zokutheleleka kuyasiza.Kodwa u-Deeks uxwayisa ngokusebenzisa isivivinyo ngendlela engase iguqule ukuziphatha kwabantu noma ibashukumisele ukuba baphumule izinyathelo zokuphepha.Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bangase bahumushe imiphumela engemihle njengokuvakashela izihlobo ezihlala asebekhulile okukhuthazayo.
Kuze kube manje, e-United States, kuye kwethulwa izinqubo ezinkulu zokuhlola ngokushesha ezikoleni, emajele, ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasemanyuvesi.Isibonelo, kusukela ngoMeyi, iNyuvesi yase-Arizona e-Tucson ibilokhu isebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-Sofia okuthuthukiswe yi-Quidel e-San Diego, e-California ukuhlola abasubathi bayo nsuku zonke.Kusukela ngo-Agasti, ihlole abafundi okungenani kanye ngenyanga (abanye abafundi, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindlini zokulala abanokuqubuka kwezifo, bahlolwa njalo, kanye ngesonto).Kuze kube manje, inyuvesi yenze izivivinyo ezicishe zibe yi-150,000 futhi ayikaze ibike ukwanda kwamacala e-COVID-19 ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule.
UDavid Harris, umcwaningi we-stem cell ophethe uhlelo lokuhlola olukhulu lwase-Arizona, uthe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola zifeza izinhloso ezahlukene: ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-antigen akufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane kubantu.Uthe: "Uma uyisebenzisa njenge-PCR, uzozwela kakhulu."“Kepha esizama ukukwenza-ukuvikela ukusabalala kokuhlolwa kwe-antigen, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi, kubonakala kusebenza kahle.”
Umfundi wase-Oxford University e-UK wathatha isivivinyo se-antigen esisheshayo esinikezwe inyuvesi wabe esendizela e-United States ngoDisemba 2020.
Amaqembu amaningi ocwaningo emhlabeni jikelele aklama izindlela zokuhlola ezisheshayo nezishibhile.Abanye balungisa izivivinyo ze-PCR ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokukhulisa, kodwa eziningi zalezi zivivinyo zisadinga okokusebenza okukhethekile.Ezinye izindlela zincike endleleni ebizwa ngokuthi i-loop-mediated isothermal amplification noma i-LAMP, eshesha kune-PCR futhi edinga okokusebenza okuncane.Kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa akuzweli njengokuhlola okusekelwe ku-PCR.Ngonyaka odlule, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign bathuthukise isivivinyo sabo esisheshayo sokuxilonga: ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ku-PCR okusebenzisa amathe esikhundleni se-swab yamakhala, ukweqa izinyathelo ezibizayo nezihamba kancane.Izindleko zalokhu kuhlolwa ngu-$10-14, futhi imiphumela inganikezwa ngaphansi kwamahora angu-24.Nakuba inyuvesi ithembele kumalabhorethri asendaweni ukwenza i-PCR, inyuvesi ingahlola wonke umuntu kabili ngesonto.Ngo-Agasti wonyaka odlule, lolu hlelo lokuhlola oluvamile luvumele inyuvesi ukuthi ibone ukwanda kwezifo zasekolishi futhi ikulawule kakhulu.Lingakapheli isonto, isibalo samacala amasha sehle ngo-65%, futhi kusukela lapho, inyuvesi ayikaze ibone inani eliphakeme elifanayo.
U-Boehme uthe ayikho indlela yokuhlola engahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, kodwa indlela yokuhlola ekwazi ukuhlonza abantu abathelelekile ibalulekile ekugcineni umnotho womhlaba uvulekile.Uthe: “Ukuhlolwa ezikhumulweni zezindiza, emingceleni, ezindaweni zokusebenza, ezikoleni, ezindaweni zomtholampilo-kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kunamandla ngoba kulula ukukusebenzisa, izindleko eziphansi futhi kuyashesha.Kodwa-ke, wengeze ngokuthi, izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuhlola kufanele zithembele ekuhlolweni okungcono kakhulu okutholakalayo.
Inqubo yamanje ye-EU yokugunyaza ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga i-COVID-19 iyafana nezinye izinhlobo zezinqubo zokuxilonga, kodwa ukukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwezindlela ezithile zokuhlola kwenze ukuba kwethulwe imihlahlandlela emisha ngo-Ephreli odlule.Lokhu kudinga ukuthi abakhiqizi bakhiqize amakhithi okuhlola angenza okungenani ukuhlola kwe-COVID-19 esimweni sakamuva sobuciko.Kodwa-ke, njengoba umphumela wokuhlola owenziwe ekuhlolweni komkhiqizi ungase uhluke kulokho okwenzeka emhlabeni wangempela, imihlahlandlela incoma ukuthi amazwe angamalungu ayiqinisekise ngaphambi kokwethula ukuhlolwa.
U-Boehme uthe, empeleni, amazwe ngeke kudingeke ukuthi aqinisekise zonke izindlela zokulinganisa.Amalabhorethri nabakhiqizi emhlabeni jikelele bazosebenzisa izivumelwano ezijwayelekile (njengalezo ezithuthukiswe yi-FIND).Uthe: “Esikudingayo isivivinyo esijwayelekile kanye nendlela yokuhlola.”"Ngeke kwehluke ekuhloleni ukwelashwa nemithi yokugoma."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-09-2021