Ukuvakasha kwakho okujwayelekile kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubandakanya ukushayela uye emtholampilo noma ehhovisi, ukugcwalisa amaphepha athile, nokulinda othile ukuthi akushayele ucingo uma umhlinzeki esekulungele.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus.Kungazelelwe, abantu abaningi bahambela ama-aphoyintimenti ngekhompyutha noma ngocingo, futhi i-telemedicine isiphenduke igama lasekhaya.
Nakuba ukuqokwa nge-telemedicine sekungamashumi eminyaka ubudala, kusesemngceleni wohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.Ngemuva kokuthi ubhubhane lwenze ukuthi kube nzima ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezokwelapha njengakuqala, i-telemedicine yadingeka, futhi izithiyo zokubuyiselwa imali, ubuchwepheshe kanye namalayisensi zaqala ukwehla.Amasistimu athile wezokwelapha kufanele ashintshe asuke ekusetshenzisweni okuncane kwe-telemedicine aye ku-100% ekuhlanganeni okubonakalayo ngobusuku obubodwa.Ngokushesha isiguli saqala ukubona udokotela ekhaya.Ngisho nasendaweni yasesibhedlela, baya ngokuya bexhumana nabahlinzeki bezempilo nge-iPad.UHarlan Krumholz, uprofesa wezokwelapha e-Yale University School of Medicine, uthe intuthuko yakamuva ye-telemedicine “ayicabangeki kubantu abaningi.”
Ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo babebonile ukuthi i-telemedicine ayinakugwenywa.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokubuyisela imali, isiko kanye nezintandokazi zesiguli, uhlelo lwesibhedlela alukwazi ukuzikhipha.Ngaphambilini, iningi le-telemedicine lalisenziwa ngenethiwekhi yezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemitholampilo ebizwa ngokuthi imodeli "yehabhu", lapho ochwepheshe ("hubs") bebezohlinzeka ngezikhungo zezempilo ezincane nezibhedlela ("spokes") Ukubonisana okubonakalayo..Ngokwesibonelo, isiguli singase siye esikhungweni sezempilo somphakathi siyobona udokotela wengqondo endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu.Kulolu bhubhane, le modeli ithathelwe indawo kakhulu imodeli eqondiswe kubathengi, kodwa ezindaweni ezinomkhawulokudonsa we-inthanethi olinganiselwe (abantu bangase badinge ukuya emitholampilo yomphakathi) nasezindaweni ezikude ezidinga imishini ekhethekile ngaphandle kwasemoyeni wezokwelapha. insimu, isibonelo ezigulini ezidinga ukuhlolwa isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
Okumangazayo abantu abaningi, lolu shintsho olukhulu oluya ku-telemedicine nokufinyelela kwinkomfa ngevidiyo lusebenza kahle.Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikwazile ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo futhi okungabizi kakhulu ezigulini ezisekhaya.Lokhu kusho futhi amathuba engeziwe okusebenza usekhaya, okuzuzisa izisebenzi zezempilo eziningi (ngokwesibonelo, abazali abanezingane).Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlinzeki angakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi lendlu yesiguli, okungasiza ekuqondeni kangcono impilo yesiguli.
ULauren Eberly, umcwaningi womtholampilo wezokwelapha zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi e-Perelman School of Medicine eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania, wenze isibonelo ngesikhathi evakashele ngocingo lapho iziguli zakhe zikhuluma ngemithi yakhe.Lapho u-Eberly ebuza ngokuphuza umuthi othile, isiguli sacabanga ukuthi siyawuphuza—kodwa wabe esebonisa u-Eberly ikhabethe lakhe lemithi, elalingenazo incwadi kadokotela.Isiguli sasicabanga ukuthi sasinayo yonke imithi esasiyidinga, kodwa empeleni sasintula umuthi owodwa, owawungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu.
"Ngezindlela eziningi, [ukusetshenziswa kwe-telemedicine] kuzoba ngesinye sezici ezinhle kulo bhubhane," kusho uDavid Bates, umqondisi wezokwelapha zangaphakathi eBrigham and Women's Hospital kanye noprofesa wenqubomgomo yezempilo nokuphatha eNyuvesi yaseHarvard.Isikole se-Chen Chen Sezempilo Yomphakathi.
Uhlelo olunamandla, oluhlala njalo lwe-telemedicine lunganciphisa ukuminyana esibhedlela, luvumele iziguli eziningi ukuthi zithole ukunakekelwa ekhaya nangaphandle kwesibhedlela.Lokhu kungasiza ukuvumela u-Bates ukuthi abikezele ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, imibhede eminingi yasesibhedlela ingase imiswe, ngakho ingase ibe yiyunithi yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo noma izikhungo zokunakekela okuvamile esikhundleni soyedwa noma ngaphezulu.Ngale ndlela, izibhedlela zizokwazi “ukuthokoza” ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu, njengoba nje nezibhedlela zaseCalifornia zabhekana nalolu bhubhane.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-telemedicine akuphelele.Kokubili abahlinzeki neziguli badinga ukujwayela ngokushesha inkundla yobuchwepheshe entsha, futhi kunzima kubantu ukuphatha ukufinyelela kwevidiyo, ukuthola ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkomfa ngevidiyo noma ukugcina uxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluzinzile.Abahlinzeki bangase baphuthelwe izinkomba ezingakhulumi nezinye izici ezicashile zokuvakasha kwesiguli, noma bahluleke ukubonisa uzwela ngezindlela ezivamile zokubhekana ubuso nobuso, njengokunikeza izandla eziduduzayo.Ezinye izinkundla azinazo izindlela zokuphepha ezingcono kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isiguli sidinga ukuhlolwa okuthile, ngeke nje kwenziwe esizeni.
Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, lo bhubhane uhlinzeke ngovivinyo lwezinhlelo eziningi zezempilo ukuthi zithole i-telemedicine kabanzi.Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi inguqulo ye-beta, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe.Ukuze i-telemedicine ifinyelele amandla ayo aphelele, izodinga izindlela ezingcono zokubamba iqhaza kwesiguli, njengokuqapha okukude, isibonelo, indlela yabantu yokuthola umfutho wegazi nezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile ekhaya.Abahlinzeki bezempilo basafunda ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu, njengokungahlangani njengokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okubonakalayo.Inkundla ye-telemedicine izoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa mayelana nokusebenziseka, ubumfihlo kanye nokuphepha.
Ukuze i-telemedicine ifinyelele amandla ayo, sidinga futhi ukunaka ukuthi ngubani ozosala.Ama-smartphone angasiza ukuvala ukuhlukana kwedijithali, kodwa emaqenjini amaningi, kuhlala kunezithiyo zokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe.Isibonelo, abantu abavela ezinhlangeni ezincane babonakala ngamazinga aphansi okutholwa kwe-broadband kanye namazinga aphansi okusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ne-inthanethi.Iziguli esezikhulile zingase zibe nocingo lwasendlini kuphela futhi azikwazi ukufinyelela kuvidiyo.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lweziguli ezihlela ukuvakashela i-telemedicine ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zobhubhane lwe-coronavirus lukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-telemedicine.Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-telemedicine (okuhlanganisa ucingo nevidiyo) kuphansi phakathi kweziguli ezindala, zase-Asia noma ezingakhulumi isiNgisi.Ngokufanayo, abadala, abesifazane, abamnyama noma abaLatino, abantu abanesimo esiphansi senhlalomnotho basebenzisa ukufinyelela kuvidiyo kancane.
"Sakha uhlelo olusha lwe-telemedicine, olusinika ithuba lokuxazulula inkinga," kusho u-Eberly."Uma sisisebenzisa, noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe obuningi noma ukuqamba okusha, kufanele sisebenzise uhlaka ukuze siqhubeke nokuhlola ukungalingani kwesakhiwo ku-telemedicine."
I-Telemedicine izodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe.I-Mercy Virtual Care Center, isikhungo esikhulu sezokwelapha esibonakalayo, sibe ngumholi ekusizeni izinhlangano ukuthi zicabangele ukunakekelwa okubonakalayo.Ngokuka-Bates, i-Mercy isebenzisa cishe u-5% wemali engenayo ku-telemedicine, ephakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zezinye izinhlelo zesibhedlela ku-telemedicine (cishe u-0.1% kuya ku-0.2% wemali engenayo).
UBates uthe: "Sitshala imali encane kakhulu ku-(telemedicine).""Kuzoba khona izinguquko esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi."
Ukwenza ngcono i-telemedicine kudinga nenqubomgomo yesikhathi eside nezinguquko zokulawula.Ngaphambi kobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, yize i-telemedicine yayisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emikhakheni eminingi yobungcweti, cishe akukho mbuyiselo yezindleko ze-telemedicine.Ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwalolu bhubhane njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi, izinkampani zomshwalense, kanye neMedicare kanye neMedicaid, zinikeze ukumbozwa kwe-telemedicine okwandisiwe.ICongress, uhulumeni wobumbano kanye nohulumeni bezifundazwe nabo baxegise ukugcinwa kwemfihlo kweziguli kanye nemithetho ye-telemedicine.Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zinguquko zakhishwa okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo yomphakathi, futhi nakuba ubhubhane lungakapheli, kakade seluqalile ukubuyela emuva.
Ngokufanelekile, izinga lembuyiselo lazo zonke izinhlobo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo (ubuso nobuso, ividiyo nocingo) kufanele lifane, hhayi nje okwesikhashana.Ngaphandle kwalokhu kulinganisa, abahlinzeki abahlinzeka nge-telemedicine (njengokuvakashela ngocingo kubantu ababencishwe amathuba) bazojeziswa kakhulu ngoba amanani abo okubuyisela aphansi.Nokho, kunezizathu ezithile zokuba nethemba.Isibonelo, ngokwesekwa yila maqembu womabili, uMthetho Wokuvikela I-Telemedicine ka-2021 ngemuva kwe-COVID-19 kanye ne-Telemedicine Modernization Act ka-2021 kuphakanyiswe kuCongress muva nje.Umbusi waseMassachusetts, uCharlie Baker, usanda kusayina umthethosivivinywa wokuguqulwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, odinga ukuthi izindleko zokuvakasha ngocingo lokuziphatha kufanele zifane nezindleko zokuvakashelana ubuso nobuso isikhathi esiyiminyaka emibili.Ngaphandle kwemithetho enjalo, kuzoba nokutholakala okungenani kwe-telemedicine eyodwa ezweni.Kodwa ababambiqhaza abafuni ukwenza ukuvakasha kwe-telemedicine ngaphandle kokunikeza inani ezigulini.
"Abantu bazofuna ukuziphendulela," kusho uKrumholz.Ubuye waveza ukuthi njengoba iziguli ezifana ne-telemedicine zijwayele ukuvakashela udokotela, izinkampani zomshwalense zizoqhubeka nokubhala phansi ingcindezi ye-telemedicine.
UJoseph Kvedar, uprofesa wezifo zesikhumba e-Harvard Medical School nosihlalo we-American Telemedicine Association, uthe inqubomgomo elula yokubuyisela ibaluleke njengenkokhelo.Uma kuyinkimbinkimbi, inkampani yomshuwalense ngezinye izikhathi ingase yenqabe isikweletu, noma isiguli singathola isikweletu esingalindelekile.
Ngaphezu kwendlela yokubuyisela imali, kunezinye izindawo zenqubomgomo ezidinga ukubuyekezwa.Isibonelo, kunemikhawulo ethile ekufinyeleleni iziguli kuzo zonke izifundazwe nge-telemedicine.Nakuba lo mkhawulo unenjongo ekuvakasheni kokuqala, kungase kudingeke ukuba kuxegiswe izimfuneko zezimvume zikahulumeni ukuze ukulandelela kwenziwe cishe ngokuphelele.Isevisi ye-broadband evamile nayo iyadingeka.
Omunye wemibuzo eyinhloko oshayela i-telemedicine uthi: Kuwenza nini umqondo ukuthi abahlinzeki babone iziguli mathupha kunokuba bazibonele ngevidiyo?Ngokuya ngezidingo zesiguli, izindawo ezithile ezifana nodokotela bengqondo zingase zifaneleke kakhulu ukulandelela okubonakalayo.Nokho, ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile, abanye abantu (isibonelo, ukubona udokotela ukuze babone noma ukuzwa) sebehambile.
Sekukonke, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zisenezinkinga ezingakaxazululwa, okuhlanganisa ukuthi zingasisebenzisa kanjani kangcono isimo sazo somzimba kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa iziguli.Kodwa lezi zinkinga zingaxazululeka.Okubalulekile ukuthi i-telemedicine ine futhi izoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka abantu ngenani elikhulu.
“Sizobona ukukhula kwayo kuphela.Kusekuningi okufanele kufundwe, kodwa lesi yisikhathi esijabulisayo.”Kusho uKrumholz.
Buyekeza ngoMashi 1, 2021: Le ndatshana ibuyekeziwe ukuze ibonise ukuthi uJoseph kovdal njengamanje ungusihlalo we-American Telemedicine Association.
I-Future Tense inguzakwethu we-Slate, New America kanye ne-Arizona State University, ezinikele ekucwaningeni ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa, inqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nomphakathi.
I-Slate incike ekukhangiseni ukuze isekele ubuntatheli bethu.Uma uwazisa umsebenzi wethu, sicela ukhubaze isivimbeli sakho sesikhangiso.
Ngokujoyina i-Slate Plus, uzosekela umsebenzi wethu futhi uthole okuqukethwe okukhethekile.Futhi ngeke uphinde uwubone lo mlayezo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2021