Abahleli bethu bazikhethele lezi zinto ngokuzimela ngoba besicabanga ukuthi ungazithanda futhi ungase uzithande ngalezi zintengo.Uma uthenga izimpahla ngesixhumanisi sethu, singathola ikhomishini.Kusukela ngesikhathi sokushicilela, intengo nokutholakala kunembile.Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthenga namuhla.
Ngenkathi lolu bhubhane luqala, abantu bekumele balinde kulayini amahora amaningi ukuze bahlolelwe i-Covid, kodwa manje inkampani ithengisa izinto zokuxilonga izifo ekhaya.Njengoba abantu baseMelika benaka kakhulu ukwahluka kwe-Covid, futhi ngenxa yokwanda kwamacala amahle, imihlahlandlela yemaski ezweni lonke isishintshile, ungacabanga ukuhlola.Sixoxisane nochwepheshe ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola i-Covid yasekhaya nokuthi zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi ubani okufanele azisebenzise.
Siphinde saqoqa izinto zokuhlola ezigunyazwe yi-FDA, ongazisebenzisa ekhaya futhi uzithenge ezitolo.Ochwepheshe bagcizelele ukuthi ukuhlola ekhaya akuthathi indawo yokugqoka imaski noma imigomo, futhi bagcizelela ukuthi izindlela zokuhlola ekhaya zingase zibonise imiphumela engalungile.Kungakhathaliseki isimo sakho sokugoma, akekho okufanele akhululwe ekuhlolweni kwe-Covid uma enezimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Njengamaski we-KN95 kanye nemithi yokugomela i-Covid, i-US Food and Drug Administration ikhiphe ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo kokuhlolwa okuthile kokuxilonga futhi yakufaka ohlwini ku-inthanethi.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlola ekhaya:
UColbil, MD, umqondisi wokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze-COVID-1 e-Indiana University, uveze ukuthi inzuzo yezindlela zokuhlola i-Covid ekhaya ukuthi zivumela abantu ukuthi bahlolwe kaningi, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni okwengeziwe futhi kunciphise ukusulelana.19 Ithimba Lokuphendula Kwezokwelapha kanye Noprofesa Ongumsizi we-IU School of Medicine.Kodwa-ke, kuyingozi ukuthola umuzwa ongamanga wokuvikeleka ezindleleni zokuhlola ekhaya ngoba ngokuvamile azibucayi njengokuhlola okwenziwa ochwepheshe behhovisi lezokwelapha.
"Lezi zivivinyo zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela," kusho uBiller."Uma usengozini enkulu kanye/noma unezimpawu futhi umphumela wakho wokuhlolwa awunayo, kusabalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe ngokusemthethweni elabhorethri yasesibhedlela."
UDkt. Omai Garner, onguMqondisi we-Health Clinical Microbiology e-University of California, e-Los Angeles, uthe ukuhlolwa kwe-Covid okungcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Uthe akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okugunyaziwe ukuthi kuhlolwe ekhaya, okusho ukuthi "ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu kwe-Covid ngeke kwenziwe ekhaya ngokuphelele."Izinsiza zokuhlola zasekhaya azinembile njengokuhlolwa kwe-PCR okwenziwa amalabhorethri angochwepheshe, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya (ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlola okusheshayo”) kudinga igciwane elengeziwe kusampula ukuze kuhlolwe umphumela.Uma ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu, amazinga aphansi kuphela egciwane angase abe khona kusampula, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni engalungile.
Ukuhlolwa kweqoqo lasekhaya ngokuvamile kukhiqiza imiphumela enembe kakhulu kunekhithi yokuhlola yasekhaya.Ukuqoqa ikhithi ekhaya kuzokushukumisela ukuthi ulande isampula bese uposa isampula elabhorethri-ilabhorethri yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR, bese uthola imiphumela ngosuku noma ezimbili.Ikhithi yokuhlola yasekhaya ayidingi ukuthi uthumele amasampula elabhorethri ukuze ahlolwe.
Ngakho ingabe indlela yokuhlola yasekhaya ithembekile?USharon Nachman, MD, umqondisi woMnyango Wezifo Ezithathelwanayo Ezinganeni eStony Brook Children's Hospital, wachaza ukuthi impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngokuvamile ifika ekutheni ubani ohlolwayo, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa nini, kanye nohlobo lokuhlola olusetshenziswayo.
Uthe: “Uma unezimpawu futhi uhlolwa ngoba ungafuni ukuletha abagulayo emsebenzini, ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kuzosiza kakhulu.”“Kodwa uma uzizwa ukahle, kungase kudingeke uhlolwe kaningi kunanamuhla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ungahlolwa ngesonto elizayo.Qhubeka nohambo.”
Iqoqo lezindlu kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ohlwini lwe-FDA: ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana okuxilonga kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-antigen.Uhlobo oludume kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR.Ngamunye uthole ingxenye ehlukile yegciwane le-Covid.Ukufana phakathi kwalezi zivivinyo ezimbili ukuthi zingakwazi ukuxilonga izifo futhi zenziwa emakhaleni noma emphinjeni.Ukusuka lapho, izindlela zihlukile, futhi ochwepheshe bathi lo mehluko unquma ukuthembeka kokuhlolwa nokuthi kufanele ukusebenzise kanjani.
Nakuba lungekho ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okusekelwe ekhaya okugunyaziwe, ungakwazi ukuqoqa isampula lokuhlolwa kwe-PCR ekhaya bese uthumela isampula elabhorethri.Ngemva kokuba ilabhorethri ithole isampula, uchwepheshe uzoyihlola, futhi uzothola umphumela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
"Lawa makhithi eqoqo lasekhaya anonemba okungcono kunekhithi yokuhlola yasekhaya," kusho uGarner."Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ze-PCR zenziwa ngamasampula, futhi abantu abaqhuba izivivinyo bangochwepheshe."
Ngemva kokuthatha i-swab yamakhala, yithumele kulabhorethri, lapho ilabhorethri izohlola i-PCR futhi ikunikeze imiphumela yakho ku-inthanethi.Ungathola imiphumela emahoreni angu-48 ngemva kokuba ikhithi ifikile elabhorethri, futhi ikhithi inelebula yokubuya ebusuku.Umkhiqizo uthe ikhithi yokuqoqa isivivinyo ingasetshenziselwa izingane ezineminyaka emi-3 nangaphezulu.
Ungathenga le khithi yeqoqo lokuhlola i-Covid ngokuhlukana noma iphakethe lezingu-10. Isebenzisa amasampula amathe, futhi ikhithi iza nenkokhelo yokubuyisela esheshayo ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili.Imiphumela ingatholakala phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva kokufika kwesampula elabhorethri.
Ikhithi yokuqoqa yokuhlola ye-Everlywell ye-Covid yakhelwe abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu.Uqoqa i-swab yamakhala bese uyithumela isampula elabhorethri.Ilabhorethri yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR futhi inikeza umphumela wedijithali phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-28 ngemva kokufika kwesampula elabhorethri.Uma umphumela wakho uthi positive, uchwepheshe we-telemedicine angakunikeza isiqondiso mahhala.
Le kit ifanele izingane ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala nangaphezulu, futhi ikuhlinzeka ngezinto ezidingekayo ukuze uqoqe amasampula e-swab yamakhala bese uwabuyisela elabhorethri ukuze ahlolwe i-PCR.Ngemva kokufika kwesampula elabhorethri, ngokuvamile kuthatha usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili ukuthola imiphumela.
Ikhithi yokuqoqa yokuhlola ye-Amazon yase-Amazon ikuvumela ukuthi wenze i-swab yamakhala bese uthumela isampula elabhorethri yase-Amazon, okuhlanganisa nesevisi yokulethwa kwe-UPS ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili yosuku olulandelayo.Ungathola imiphumela emahoreni angama-24 ngemuva kokufika kwesampula elabhorethri.Lokhu kuhlolwa okwabantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu.
Njengekhithi yokuqoqa ekhaya, ikhithi yokuhlola ekhaya idinga ukuthi ulande isampula, kodwa esikhundleni sokuthumela isampula elabhorethri, ihlolwa khona lapho.Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela emaminithini ambalwa, yingakho lezi zivivinyo ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "amakhefu asheshayo".
Amanye amakhithi okuhlola asekhaya akhangisa ukuthi angakwazi ukuhlolela i-Covid kubantu abangenazimpawu.IGhana ithe "ayizange ivume nhlobo" ngoba awukwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ekhaya-ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu kwe-Covid.Ngakho-ke, iGhana ikholelwa ukuthi amakhithi okuhlola ekhaya awafanele ukuhlolwa okungabonakali, futhi bonke ochwepheshe esixoxile nabo bayavumelana nalokhu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu, iGhana ithe ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwenziwe kahle-wachaza ukuthi kuvame ukuba negciwane elengeziwe emzimbeni, elifinyelela embundwini lapho ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kungakhava.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNachman uveza ukuthi izinsiza eziningi zokuhlola ekhaya ziza nezivivinyo ezimbili, futhi kunconywa ukuthi uthathe izivivinyo eziningi njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa-ngokweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.Ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abangenazimpawu, ngosuku lokuqala lokuhlolwa kwakho ekhaya, kungase kungakwazi ukubona igciwane, futhi umphumela wakho ungase ube negethivu-lokhu kungase kungalungile.Ngakho-ke, i-CDC ithi “ungase uhlolwe ukuthi unayo ngesikhathi sokugula” futhi igcizelela ukuthi kungani kunconywa uchungechunge lokuhlola.
Ikhithi iza nokuhlolwa okubili kokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo-umkhiqizo uthi kufanele uzihlole kabili ezinsukwini ezi-3, okungenani amahora angama-36 ngokuhlukana.Ihlinzeka ngezinto ezidingekayo zokuswayipha amakhala kanye nokuhlolwa kwangempela kusetshenziswa amakhadi okuhlola kanye noketshezi lokwelapha.Imiphumela isilungile phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15, futhi ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa kubantu abaneminyaka emi-2 nangaphezulu.
Ikhithi yokuhlola ka-Ellume iza ne-analyzer ene-Bluetooth, edinga ukuxhunywa ku-smartphone ngohlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo ukuze ulawule futhi wamukele imiphumela.Le kit ikunikeza ngezinto ezidingekayo ukuze wenze isivivinyo ngesampula ye-swab yamakhala.Imiphumela ingatholakala emizuzwini eyi-15, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
Ikhithi ithengiswa ngokuhlukana noma ngephakethe lama-45, futhi iklanyelwe ukukuvumela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezimbili ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngesikhawu samahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-36.Uqoqa isampula ye-swab yamakhala bese uyicwilisa eshubhuni yesixazululo enomugqa wokuhlola ukuze uhlolwe.Imiphumela isilungile emaminithini angu-10 futhi ikhithi yokuhlola ingasetshenziswa kubantu abaneminyaka engu-2 nangaphezulu.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, "Noma ngubani onezimpawu angasebenzisa ukuzihlola, kungakhathalekile isimo sakhe sokugoma", futhi "Abantu abangagonyiwe abangagonyelwanga izimpawu ze-COVID-19 bangasebenzisa ukuzihlola, ikakhulukazi uma kungenzeka ukuthi sivelelwe inyumoniya entsha ye-coronavirus (COVID-19): COVID-19: COVID-19."I-CDC ithe abantu abagonywe ngokugcwele kufanele futhi banake imihlahlandlela ethile yokuhlola.
Mayelana nezingane, eminye imindeni iqoqa futhi ihlole amakhithi ukukhangisa ukuthi afanele izingane ezineminyaka engu-2 nangaphezulu.Kodwa-ke, uNachman uthe ubengazi ngocwaningo lwalezi zivivinyo, okuhlanganisa nezingane ezinezimpawu noma ezingenazo.Nakuba abantu bevame ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa abantu abadala kungasetshenziswa nasezinganeni, uthe ayikho idatha eyanele ukunikeza impendulo ecacile.
Okokugcina, ukuze ugcwalise i-oda le-CDC lokuhlola i-Covid lokuhamba ngamazwe ngamazwe, ungasebenzisa iqoqo lasekhaya noma izinsiza zokuhlola.Kodwa-ke, abahambi bangasebenzisa kuphela izinketho ezihlangabezana nesethi yezinkombandlela ezibhalwe kuwebhusayithi yabo.
U-Nachman uthe iqoqo ngalinye ne-test suite yehlukile futhi idinga isethi yayo ethile yezinqubo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufunda imiyalelo futhi uyilandele ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuqala.“Kuzwakala kuwubuwula ukusho, kodwa empeleni kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda imiyalelo ngokucophelela,” kusho yena.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uthola imiphumela eqoqweni noma kuhlelo lokuhlola, ibikwa kuwe, ayichazwanga, kusho uNachman.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubiza udokotela wakho oyinhloko-ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukuthi une-HIV-ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani.Uthe: “Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ekhaya kuklanyelwe ukukunikeza ulwazi nethemba lokuthi ungafuna usizo lokucubungula imiphumela, ikakhulukazi uma kunomphumela omuhle.”
Ekugcineni, iGhana yathi ezinye izivivinyo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga iqoqo lasekhaya noma ikhithi yokuhlola, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi i-smartphone yakho iyahambisana nayo.Yize ukuhlolwa kwe-Covid emitholampilo engena, izibhedlela nasemahhovisi ezokwelapha kuvame ukumahhala noma kukhavwe umshwalense, uveze ukuthi lokhu akuvamile ukuthi kube njalo uma uqoqa futhi uhlola izinsiza ekhaya.
Thola imininingwane yakamuva evela kumhlahlandlela wokuthenga we-NBC News nezincomo, bese ulanda uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-NBC News ukuze umboze ngokugcwele ukuqubuka kwe-coronavirus.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2021