I-Javascript ivaliwe esipheqululini sakho okwamanje.Uma i-javascript ivaliwe, eminye imisebenzi yale webhusayithi ngeke isebenze.
Bhalisa imininingwane yakho ethile kanye nezidakamizwa ozithakaselayo, futhi sizofanisa ulwazi olunikezayo nama-athikili kusizindalwazi sethu esibanzi futhi sikuthumelele ikhophi ye-PDF nge-imeyili ngesikhathi esifanele.
Zhao Heng, 1,* Zhang Lidan, 2,* Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Song Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Endocrinology Laboratory, First Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;2 Baoding First Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000;3 Umnyango Weziguli Ezilaliswayo weSibhedlela Esikhulu sase-Baoding, e-Baoding, eSifundazweni sase-Hebei, 071000;4 Umnyango Wezifo Zamehlo, Isibhedlela Esisebenzisanayo sase-Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 *Laba babhali banikele ngokulinganayo kulo msebenzi.Umbhali ohambelanayo: Li Dan, Umnyango Wezifo Zamehlo, Isibhedlela sase-Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Ifeksi +86 031 25981539 I-imeyili [i-imeyili evikelwe] Zhang Yunliang Endocrinology Endocrinology First Hospital0, Bangocrinology First Laboratory 07 People's Hospital 07 Hebei Central Hospital I-Republic of China Tel +86 151620373737373737375axe I-imeyili ivikelwe ] Injongo: Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuchaza amazinga e-glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) kanye ne-fibrinogen (FIB) ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-diabetic retinopathy (DR).Indlela: Kukhethwe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingama-61, ezathola ukwelashwa emnyangweni wethu kusukela ngoNovemba 2017 kuya kuMeyi 2019.Ngokwemiphumela yezithombe ze-non-mydriatic fundus kanye ne-fundus angiography, iziguli zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu, okuyiqembu le-non-DR (NDR) (n=23), iqembu le-DR (NPDR) elingandile (n=17) kanye ne-proliferative. Iqembu le-DR ( PDR) (n=21).Kuhlanganisa neqembu elilawulayo labantu abangu-20 abahlolelwa ukuthi abanalo isifo sikashukela.Linganisa futhi uqhathanise amazinga e-HbA1c, DD kanye ne-FIB ngokulandelanayo.Imiphumela: Amanani amaphakathi e-HbA1c abengu-6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) no-8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) kumaqembu e-NDR, NPDR kanye ne-PDR, ngokulandelana. .Inani lokulawula lalingu-4.9% (4.1%, 5.8%).Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu wezibalo phakathi kwamaqembu.Emaqenjini e-NDR, NPDR, kanye ne-PDR, amanani esilinganiso e-DD ayengu-0.39 ± 0.21 mg/L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg/L, kanye no-1.39 ± 0.59 mg/L, ngokulandelanayo.Umphumela weqembu lokulawula ube ngu-0.36 ± 0.17 mg/L.Amanani eqembu le-NPDR kanye neqembu le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo eqembu le-NDR neqembu elilawulayo, futhi inani leqembu le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kunalelo leqembu le-NPDR, okubonisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu wawubalulekile. (P<0.001).Amanani amaphakathi e-FIB kumaqembu e-NDR, NPDR, kanye ne-PDR abengu-3.07 ± 0.42 g/L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g/L, kanye no-4.46 ± 1.09 g/L, ngokulandelanayo.Umphumela weqembu lokulawula ube ngu-2.97 ± 0.67 g/L.Umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P <0.05).Isiphetho: Amazinga egazi i-HbA1c, DD, ne-FIB eqenjini le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo aseqenjini le-NPDR.Amagama angukhiye: i-glycosylated hemoglobin, i-HbA1c, i-D-dimer, i-DD, i-fibrinogen, i-FIB, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-DR, i-microangiopathy
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (DM) sesiphenduke isifo esiningi eminyakeni yamuva, futhi izinkinga zaso zingabangela izifo eziningi zesistimu, phakathi kwazo i-microangiopathy iyimbangela enkulu yokufa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.I-1 I-Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) iwuphawu oluyinhloko lokulawula ushukela wegazi, ekhombisa kakhulu izinga likashukela egazini leziguli ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala, futhi isibe indinganiso yegolide eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke yokuqapha ushukela wegazi isikhathi eside. .Ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwe-coagulation, i-D-dimer (DD) ingabonisa ngokuqondile i-hyperfibrinolysis yesibili kanye ne-hypercoagulability emzimbeni, njengenkomba ebucayi ye-thrombosis.Ukuhlushwa kwe-Fibrinogen (FIB) kungabonisa isimo se-prethrombotic emzimbeni.Ucwaningo olukhona lubonise ukuthi ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-coagulation kanye ne-HbA1c yeziguli ezine-DM kudlala indima ekuhluleleni ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga zesifo, 2,3 ikakhulukazi i-microangiopathy.4 I-Diabetic retinopathy (DR) ingenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-microvascular kanye nembangela enkulu yobumpumputhe besifo sikashukela.Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezingenhla zokuhlolwa ukuthi kulula ukusebenza futhi zithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni zomtholampilo.Lolu cwaningo lubheka amanani e-HbA1c, DD, kanye ne-FIB eziguli ezinamadigri ahlukene e-DR, futhi luwaqhathanisa nemiphumela yeziguli ezingezona i-DR DM kanye nabahloli bomzimba okungeyona i-DM, ukuze kuhlolwe ukubaluleka kwe-HbA1c, DD. kanye ne-FIB.Ukuhlolwa kwe-FIB kusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukwenzeka nokuthuthukiswa kwe-DR.
Lolu cwaningo lukhethe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingama-61 (amehlo ayi-122) ezilashwe emnyangweni weziguli ezingalaliswa esibhedlela i-Baoding First Central Hospital kusukela ngoNovemba 2017 kuya kuMeyi 2019. Imibandela yokufakwa kweziguli yilena: Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezitholwe ngokuvumelana “Nemihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Nokwelashwa Kohlobo 2 Diabetes in China (2017)”, kanye nezifundo zokuhlolwa ngokomzimba okunempilo kwesifo sikashukela azifakwa.Izindlela zokukhishwa zimi kanje: (1) iziguli ezikhulelwe;(2) iziguli ezine-prediabetes;(3) iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala;(4) kunemiphumela ekhethekile yezidakamizwa, njengokusetshenziswa kwakamuva kwama-glucocorticoid.Ngokwemiphumela yabo ye-non-mydriatic fundus kanye nemiphumela ye-fluorescein fundus angiography, ababambiqhaza bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu alandelayo: Iqembu le-non-DR (NDR) lalihlanganisa iziguli ezingu-23 (amehlo angu-46), abesilisa abangu-11, abesifazane abangu-12, kanye nobudala obungama-43- Iminyaka engu-76.Iminyaka yobudala, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-61.78±6.28;iqembu le-DR (NPDR) elingaqhubeki, amacala angu-17 (amehlo angu-34), abesilisa abangu-10 nabesifazane abangu-7, iminyaka engu-47-70 ubudala, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-60.89± 4.27;ukwanda kwe-DR (Kube namacala angu-21 (amehlo angu-42) eqenjini le-PDR, okuhlanganisa abesilisa abangu-9 nabesifazane abangu-12, abaneminyaka engu-51-73 ubudala, abaneminyaka yobudala ephakathi kweminyaka engu-62.24±7.91. Ingqikithi yabantu abangu-20 (amehlo angu-40) Iqembu lokulawula lalingenalo isifo sikashukela, okuhlanganisa abesilisa abayi-8 nabesifazane abayi-12, abaneminyaka engama-50-75, abaneminyaka yobudala ephakathi kweminyaka engama-64.54 ± 3.11. ukuhlinzwa, ukutheleleka, izimila eziyingozi noma ezinye izifo eziphilayo ezivamile azifakiwe. Bonke ababambiqhaza banikeze imvume ebhaliwe enolwazi ukuze ifakwe ocwaningweni.
Iziguli zase-DR zihlangabezana nemibandela yokuxilonga ekhishwe Uphiko Lwe-Ophthalmology Lwegatsha Le-Ophthalmology kanye ne-Chinese Medical Association.5 Sisebenzise ikhamera ye-non-mydriatic fundus (Canon CR-2, Tokyo, Japan) ukuze siqophe isigxobo esingemuva se-fundus yesiguli.Futhi uthathe isithombe esingu-30°–45° fundus.Udokotela wamehlo oqeqeshwe kahle unikeze umbiko wokuxilongwa obhaliwe osuselwe ezithombeni.Esimeni se-DR, sebenzisa i-Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (Heidelberg Engineering Company, Germany) ukuze uthole i-fundus angiography, futhi usebenzise ucwaningo lwe-diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS) lwe-fluorescein angiography (FA) olunezindawo eziyisikhombisa zokwelashwa kusenesikhathi. I-PDR.Ngokusho kokuthi ababambiqhaza babonise i-retinal neovascularization, ababambiqhaza bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu e-NPDR kanye ne-PDR.Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingezona eze-DR zabhalwa njengeqembu le-NDR;iziguli ezatholakala zingenayo isifo sikashukela zazibhekwa njengeqembu lokulawula.
Ekuseni, u-1.8 mL wegazi le-venous elizila ukudla laqoqwa futhi lafakwa eshubhuni le-anticoagulation.Ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, i-centrifuge imizuzu engama-20 ukuthola izinga le-HbA1c.
Ekuseni, u-1.8 mL wegazi le-venous elizila ukudla laqoqwa, lajovwa eshubhuni le-anticoagulation, lafakwa i-centrifuged imizuzu eyi-10.I-supernatant yabe isisetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwe-DD ne-FIB.
Ukutholwa kwe-HbA1c kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Beckman AU5821 yokuhlaziya i-biochemical ezenzakalelayo kanye nama-reagents ayo asekelayo.Inani lokunqanyulwa kwesifo sikashukela>>6.20%, inani elijwayelekile lingu-3.00%~6.20%.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-DD ne-FIB kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-STA Compact Max® automatic coagulation analyzer (i-Stago, France) kanye nama-reagents asekelayo.Amanani ereferensi amahle ngu-DD> 0.5 mg/L kanye ne-FIB> 4 g/L, kuyilapho amanani avamile engu-DD ≤ 0.5 mg/L kanye ne-FIB 2-4 g/L.
Uhlelo lwe-SPSS Statistics (v.11.5) lusetshenziselwa ukucubungula imiphumela;idatha ivezwa njengokuchezuka okushiwo ±okujwayelekile (±s).Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kokujwayelekile, idatha engenhla ihambisana nokusabalalisa okuvamile.Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka kwenziwa emaqenjini amane e-HbA1c, DD, ne-FIB.Ukwengeza, amazinga abalulekile ezibalo e-DD ne-FIB aphinde aqhathaniswa;I-P <0.05 ikhombisa ukuthi umehluko ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Iminyaka yezifundo eqenjini le-NDR, iqembu le-NPDR, iqembu le-PDR, neqembu lokulawula lalingu-61.78 ± 6.28, 60.89 ± 4.27, 62.24 ± 7.91, kanye neminyaka engu-64.54 ± 3.11 ubudala, ngokulandelana.Iminyaka yobudala yayivame ukusatshalaliswa ngemva kokuhlolwa kokusabalalisa okuvamile.Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka kubonise ukuthi umehluko awubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P=0.157) (Ithebula 1).
Ithebula 1 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimpawu eziyisisekelo zomtholampilo kanye ne-ophthalmological phakathi kweqembu lokulawula kanye namaqembu e-NDR, NPDR kanye ne-PDR
Isilinganiso se-HbA1c seqembu le-NDR, iqembu le-NPDR, iqembu le-PDR neqembu lokulawula lalingu-6.58±0.95%, 7.45±1.21%, 8.04±1.81% kanye no-4.53±0.41%, ngokulandelana.Ama-HbA1cs ala maqembu amane ngokuvamile asatshalaliswa futhi ahlolwe ngokusatshalaliswa okuvamile.Kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka, umehluko ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (Ithebula 2).Ukuqhathanisa okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamaqembu amane kubonise umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu (P <0.05) (Ithebula 3).
Amanani amaphakathi e-DD eqenjini le-NDR, iqembu le-NPDR, iqembu le-PDR, neqembu lokulawula lalingu-0.39±0.21mg/L, 1.06±0.54mg/L, 1.39±0.59mg/L kanye no-0.36±0.17mg/L, ngokulandelana.Wonke ama-DD ajwayele ukusatshalaliswa futhi ahlolwe ngokusatshalaliswa okuvamile.Kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka, umehluko ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (Ithebula 2).Ngokuqhathaniswa okuqhubekayo kwamaqembu amane, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi amanani eqembu le-NPDR neqembu le-PDR aphakeme kakhulu kuneqembu le-NDR neqembu elilawulayo, futhi inani leqembu le-PDR liphezulu kakhulu kuneqembu le-NPDR. , okubonisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu ubalulekile (P<0.05).Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kweqembu le-NDR neqembu lokulawula ubungabalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) (Ithebula 3).
Isilinganiso se-FIB seqembu le-NDR, iqembu le-NPDR, iqembu le-PDR neqembu lokulawula lalingu-3.07±0.42 g/L, 4.38±0.54 g/L, 4.46±1.09 g/L kanye no-2.97±0.67 g/L, ngokulandelana.I-FIB yala maqembu amane Ibonisa ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile ngokuhlolwa kokusabalalisa okuvamile.Kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka, umehluko ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (Ithebula 2).Ukuqhathanisa okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamaqembu amane kubonise ukuthi amanani eqembu le-NPDR neqembu le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo eqembu le-NDR neqembu elilawulayo, okubonisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu wawubalulekile (P <0.05).Nokho, awukho umehluko obalulekile phakathi kweqembu le-NPDR neqembu le-PDR, kanye ne-NDR neqembu elilawulayo (P>0.05) (Ithebula 3).
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izibalo zesifo sikashukela ziye zanda unyaka nonyaka, kanti nezibalo ze-DR ziye zanda.I-DR okwamanje iyimbangela evame kakhulu yobumpumputhe.6 Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kushukela wegazi (BG)/ushukela kungabangela isimo segazi se-hypercoagulable, okuholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga zemithambo.7 Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha izinga le-BG kanye nesimo sokuhlangana kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-DR, abacwaningi baseShayina nakwezinye izindawo banesithakazelo esikhulu.
Lapho i-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ihlanganiswa noshukela wegazi, kukhiqizwa i-glycosylated hemoglobin, evame ukukhombisa ukulawula ushukela wegazi wesiguli emasontweni okuqala ayi-8-12.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HbA1c kuhamba kancane, kodwa uma sekuqediwe, akwehliswa kalula;ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwayo kusiza ukuqapha kweglucose yegazi.8 I-hyperglycemia yesikhathi eside ingase ibangele izinguquko ezingalungiseki emithanjeni, kodwa i-HbAlc iseyinkomba enhle yamazinga kashukela egazini ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.9 Izinga le-HbAlc alibonisi nje kuphela izinga likashukela egazini, kodwa futhi lihlobene eduze nezinga likashukela egazini.Kuhlobene nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela njengesifo se-microvascular kanye nesifo se-macrovascular.10 Kulolu cwaningo, i-HbAlc yeziguli ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-DR yaqhathaniswa.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi amanani eqembu le-NPDR neqembu le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo eqembu le-NDR neqembu elilawulayo, futhi inani leqembu le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kuneleqembu le-NPDR.Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi lapho amazinga e-HbA1c eqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kuthinta ikhono le-hemoglobin lokubopha nokuthwala umoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-retina.11 Amazinga e-HbA1c anyukile ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, i-12 kanye namazinga e-HbA1c anciphile anganciphisa ingozi ye-DR.13 I-et al.14 ithole ukuthi izinga le-HbA1c leziguli ze-DR laliphezulu kakhulu kunalelo leziguli ze-NDR.Ezigulini ze-DR, ikakhulukazi iziguli ze-PDR, amazinga e-BG ne-HbA1c aphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi njengoba amazinga e-BG ne-HbA1c enyuka, izinga lokukhubazeka kokubona ezigulini liyakhula.15 Ucwaningo olungenhla luyahambisana nemiphumela yethu.Nokho, amazinga e-HbA1c athintwa yizici ezifana ne-anemia, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwe-hemoglobin, ubudala, ukukhulelwa, uhlanga, njll., futhi awakwazi ukubonisa izinguquko ezisheshayo kushukela wegazi ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi “kunomphumela wokulibaziseka”.Ngakho-ke, ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukubaluleka kwayo okubhekisela kuyo kunokulinganiselwa.16
Izici ze-pathological ze-DR ziyi-retinal neovascularization kanye nokulimala kwesithiyo segazi-retinal;Nokho, indlela yokuthi isifo sikashukela sibangela kanjani ukuqala kwe-DR siyinkimbinkimbi.Njengamanje kunenkolelo yokuthi ukulimala kokusebenza kwemisipha ebushelelezi kanye namaseli e-endothelial kanye nokusebenza okungavamile kwe-fibrinolytic yama-capillaries e-retinal yizimbangela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokugula kweziguli ezine-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.17 Ukushintsha komsebenzi wokuhlangana kungase kube inkomba ebalulekile yokwahlulela i-retinopathy.Ukuthuthuka kwe-diabetesic microangiopathy.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-DD iwumkhiqizo othize wokuwohloka kwe-enzyme ye-fibrinolytic ku-fibrin exhumene, engakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha, kalula, futhi ngezindleko eziphumelelayo ukuhlonza i-DD ku-plasma.Ngokusekelwe kulezi kanye nezinye izinzuzo, ukuhlolwa kwe-DD kuvame ukwenziwa.Lolu cwaningo lwathola ukuthi iqembu le-NPDR kanye neqembu le-PDR laliphakeme kakhulu kuneqembu le-NDR kanye neqembu lokulawula ngokuqhathanisa inani elijwayelekile le-DD, futhi iqembu le-PDR laliphakeme kakhulu kuneqembu le-NPDR.Olunye ucwaningo lwaseShayina lubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngeke ushintshe ekuqaleni;noma kunjalo, uma isiguli sinesifo se-microvascular, umsebenzi we-coagulation uzoshintsha kakhulu.4 Njengoba izinga lokuwohloka kwe-DR likhula, izinga le-DD liyakhuphuka kancane kancane futhi lifinyelele inani eliphakeme ezigulini ze-PDR.18 Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje.
I-Fibrinogen iyinkomba yesimo se-hypercoagulable kanye nokwehla komsebenzi we-fibrinolytic, futhi izinga layo elikhulayo lizothinta kakhulu ukuhlangana kwegazi kanye ne-hemorrheology.Kuyinto eyandulela i-thrombosis, futhi i-FIB egazini leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela isisekelo esibalulekile sokwakheka kwesimo se-hypercoagulable ku-plasma yesifo sikashukela.Ukuqhathaniswa kwesilinganiso samanani e-FIB kulolu cwaningo kukhombisa ukuthi amanani we-NPDR kanye namaqembu e-PDR aphezulu kakhulu kunamanani e-NDR namaqembu okulawula.Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izinga le-FIB leziguli ze-DR liphakeme kakhulu kuneziguli ze-NDR, okubonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga le-FIB kunomphumela othile ekuveleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-DR futhi kungase kusheshise ukuqhubeka kwayo;nokho, izindlela eziqondile ezibandakanyekayo kulolu hlelo azikakaqedi.cacile.19,20
Imiphumela engenhla iyahambisana nalolu cwaningo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluhlobene lubonise ukuthi ukutholwa okuhlangene kwe-DD ne-FIB kungaqapha futhi kubheke izinguquko esimweni somzimba we-hypercoagulable kanye ne-hemorrheology, okusiza ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kanye nokubikezelwa kohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.I-Microangiopathy 21
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunemikhawulo eminingana ocwaningweni lwamanje olungathinta imiphumela.Njengoba lolu kuwucwaningo lwezinhlanga ezahlukene, inani leziguli ezizimisele ukwenza kokubili i-ophthalmology nokuhlolwa kwegazi phakathi nesikhathi socwaningo lilinganiselwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye iziguli ezidinga i-fundus fluorescein angiography kudingeka zilawule umfutho wegazi wazo futhi kufanele zibe nomlando wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Ukwenqaba ukuhlola okwengeziwe kubangele ukulahlekelwa ababambiqhaza.Ngakho-ke, usayizi wesampula mncane.Sizoqhubeka nokwandisa usayizi wesampula yokubuka ezifundweni ezizayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwenziwa kuphela njengamaqembu ekhwalithi;azikho izivivinyo zobuningi ezengeziwe ezenziwayo, njengezilinganiso ze-optical coherence tomography zokuqina kwe-macular noma ukuhlolwa kokubona.Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo lumelela ukubhekwa kwezigaba futhi alukwazi ukukhombisa izinguquko enqubweni yesifo;izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zidinga ukubhekwa okwengeziwe okushukumisayo.
Kafushane, kunomehluko omkhulu kumazinga egazi we-HbA1c, DD, kanye ne-FIB ezigulini ezinamadigri ahlukene e-DM.Amazinga egazi weqembu le-NPDR kanye ne-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kune-NDR kanye namaqembu e-euglycemic.Ngakho-ke, ekuxilongeni nasekwelashweni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, ukutholwa okuhlangene kwe-HbA1c, DD, ne-FIB kungakhuphula izinga lokutholwa kokulimala kwe-microvascular ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, kusize ukuhlolwa kwengozi yezinkinga ze-microvascular, futhi kusize ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela nge-retinopathy.
Lolu cwaningo lugunyazwe IKomidi Lezimiso Zokuziphatha Lesibhedlela Esisebenzisanayo sase-Hebei University (inombolo yokugunyaza: 2019063) futhi lwenziwa ngokuvumelana Nesimemezelo Sase-Helsinki.Imvume ebhaliwe enolwazi itholwe kubo bonke ababambiqhaza.
1. I-Aryan Z, i-Ghajar A, i-Faghihi-kashani S, njll. Isisekelo sephrotheni esebenzayo ye-C ezwela kakhulu ingabikezela izinkinga ezinkulu ze-macrovascular kanye ne-microvascular zohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela: ucwaningo olusekelwe kubantu.Imethadatha ka-Ann Nutr.2018;72(4):287–295.doi:10.1159/000488537
2. Imikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwe-Dikshit S. Fibrinogen kanye ne-periodontitis: ukucacisa ukuxhumana.J Ucwaningo lokuxilongwa komtholampilo.2015;9(12): ZCl0-12.
3. I-Matuleviciene-Anangen V, i-Rosengren A, i-Svensson AM, njll. Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose kanye nengozi eyeqile yezenzakalo ezinkulu ze-coronary ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1.inhliziyo.2017;103(21):1687-1695.
4. U-Zhang Jie, u-Shuxia H. Inani le-glycosylated hemoglobin nokuqapha ukuhlangana ekunqumeni ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela.J Ningxia Medical University 2016;38(11):1333–1335.
5. Iqembu le-Ophthalmology le-Chinese Medical Association.Izinkombandlela Zomtholampilo Zokwelashwa Kwesifo Sikashukela E-China (2014) [J].I-Chinese Journal yaseYankee.2014;50(11):851-865.
6. Ogurtsova K, Da RFJ, Huang Y, njll. I-IDF Diabetes Atlas: Izilinganiso zomhlaba jikelele zokusabalala kwesifo sikashukela ngo-2015 no-2040. Ucwaningo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nokusebenza komtholampilo.2017;128:40-50.
7. U-Liu Min, u-Ao Li, u-Hu X, njll. Umthelela wokuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi, izinga le-C-peptide nezici ezivamile zengozi kugqinsi lwe-carotid artery intima-media ezigulini zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 lwe-Chinese Han[J].I-Eur J Med Res.2019;24(1):13.
8. I-Erem C, i-Hacihasanoglu A, i-Celik S, njll.Ukukhishwa kabusha kanye nemingcele ye-fibrinolytic ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezinezinkinga zemithambo yesifo sikashukela nezingenazo.Inkosana yemithi practice.2005;14(1):22-30.
9. Catalani E, Cervia D. Diabetic retinopathy: retinal ganglion cell homeostasis.Izinsiza zokuvuselela izinzwa.2020;15(7): 1253–1254.
10. Wang SY, Andrews CA, Herman WH, njll. Izehlakalo nezici zengozi ze-diabetes retinopathy entsheni enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 e-United States.i-ophthalmology.2017;124(4):424–430.
11. U-Jorgensen CM, u-Hardarson SH, u-Bek T. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-oxygen emithanjeni yegazi ye-retinal ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kuncike ebukhulu kanye nohlobo lwe-retinopathy esongela umbono.Izindaba ze-Ophthalmology.2014;92(1):34-39.
12. U-Lind M, u-Pivo dic A, u-Svensson AM, njll. Izinga le-HbA1c njengento eyingozi ye-retinopathy kanye ne-nephropathy ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1: ucwaningo oluyiqoqo olusekelwe kubantu base-Sweden.BMJ.2019;366:l4894.
13. I-Calderon GD, i-Juarez OH, i-Hernandez GE, njll. Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela: ukuthuthukiswa nokwelashwa.iso.2017;10(47): 963–967.
14. Jingsi A, Lu L, An G, et al.Izinto eziyingozi ze-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ngonyawo lwesifo sikashukela.I-Chinese Journal of Gerontology.2019;8(39):3916–3920.
15. Wang Y, Cui Li, Song Y. Ushukela wegazi namazinga e-glycosylated hemoglobin ezigulini ezine-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kanye nokuhlobana kwazo nezinga lokukhubazeka kokubona.J PLA Med.2019;31(12):73-76.
16. Yazdanpanah S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, njll. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Glycated Albumin (GA) kanye ne-GA/HbA1c Ratio Yokuxilongwa Kwesifo Sikashukela Nokulawulwa KweGlucose Egazini: Ukubuyekezwa Okuphelele.UCrit Rev Clin Lab Sci.2017;54(4):219-232.
17. Sorrentino FS, Matteini S, Bonifazzi C, Sebastiani A, Parmeggiani F. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kanye nesistimu ye-endothelin: i-microangiopathy kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial.Iso (London).2018;32(7):1157–1163.
18. U-Yang A, u-Zheng H, uLiu H. Izinguquko kumazinga e-plasma we-PAI-1 ne-D-dimer ezigulini ezine-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kanye nokubaluleka kwazo.Shandong Yi Yao.2011;51(38):89-90.
19. Fu G, Xu B, Hou J, Zhang M. Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi we-coagulation ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kanye ne-retinopathy.I-laboratory imithi emtholampilo.2015;7: 885-887.
20. I-Tomic M, i-Ljubic S, i-Kastelan S, njll. Ukuvuvukala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hemostatic nokukhuluphala: kungase kuhlotshaniswe ne-pathogenesis yohlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela se-retinopathy.Ukuvuvukala komlamuli.2013;2013: 818671.
21. U-Hua L, Sijiang L, Feng Z, Shuxin Y. Ukusetshenziswa kokutholwa okuhlangene kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, D-dimer kanye ne-fibrinogen ekuxilongweni kwe-microangiopathy ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.I-Int J Lab Med.2013;34(11):1382–1383.
Lo msebenzi ushicilelwe futhi unikezwe ilayisense yi-Dove Medical Press Limited.Imigomo egcwele yale layisense iyatholakala kokuthi https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php futhi ifaka ilayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial (unported, v3.0).Ngokufinyelela umsebenzi, ngalokhu wamukela imigomo.Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi ngezinjongo ezingezona ezohwebo kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume evela kwa-Dove Medical Press Limited, inqobo nje uma umsebenzi unencazelo efanele.Ukuze uthole imvume yokusebenzisa lo msebenzi ngezinjongo zokuthengisa, sicela ubheke izigaba 4.2 no-5 zemigomo yethu.
Thintana nathi• Inqubomgomo Yemfihlo• Izinhlangano Nozakwethu• Ubufakazi• Imigomo Nemibandela• Ncoma le sayithi• Phezulu
© Copyright 2021 • Dove Press Ltd • Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware ye-maffey.com • Idizayini yewebhu ye-Adhesion
Imibono evezwe kuzo zonke izihloko ezishicilelwe lapha ngeyababhali abathile futhi ayibonisi imibono ye-Dove Medical Press Ltd noma yimuphi wabasebenzi bayo.
I-Dove Medical Press iyingxenye ye-Taylor & Francis Group, umnyango wezemfundo wokushicilela we-Informa PLC.Copyright 2017 Informa PLC.wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.Le webhusayithi iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa yi-Informa PLC (“Informa”), futhi ikheli layo lehhovisi elibhalisiwe lithi 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG.Ibhaliswe eNgilandi naseWales.Inombolo 3099067. Iqembu le-VAT lase-UK: GB 365 4626 36
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2021